Focus States 101: How to design them

What is a focus state

A focus state usually appears when a user navigates an interface using a keyboard and tabs to an element, such as a button or an input field.

When an element is in focus, it visually indicates that it is the current point of interaction. This helps users understand which element will respond if they take an action.

Why focus states matter

Focus states, just as any other states, exist to provide feedback.

Feedback helps users understand what is happening within an interface, where they are, and what they can do next. Without a visible focus state, users navigating with a keyboard may lose track of their position in the interface.

Well-designed focus states make an interface feel more responsive and intuitive, especially for users who rely on keyboard navigation.

Designing clear focus states

When designing focus states, consistency is essential.

Focused elements should still feel like part of the same visual family as their default state. Color scheme, typography, and overall visual language should remain aligned, even when the element changes state.

The goal is to make the focus visible without making the element feel disconnected from the rest of the interface.

Accessibility considerations

Accessibility is especially important when working with focus states.

Relying only on color to indicate focus can create difficulties for color-blind users. When possible, it is better to use multiple visual cues to signal focus.

Contrast, shape, size, or labels — combined with color — can help ensure that focus states are clear and understandable for a wider range of users.

Final thoughts

Focus states are a small but critical part of UI design. By treating them as intentional design elements, keeping them consistent, and considering accessibility, you help users navigate interfaces with more confidence and clarity.